Wöber moved to Leeds from Red Bull Salzburg in January 2023, making 28 appearances for the English club before an injury-hit loan spell at Werder Bremen, where he featured just twice in 2025/26. The 27-year-old defender has signed a one-year deal that will keep him at the Veltins-Arena until 30 June 2027.
"Schalke was very exciting for me right from the start. Following some encouraging discussions, I'm looking forward to this new challenge at a truly special club that's earned promotion," Wöber explained.
"Playing for Schalke in the Bundesliga is an exciting prospect. I'm keen to get started straight away and get to know my new teammates."